34th Fall Meeting of the Rochester Academy of Science (RASNY)
The Formation of the Universe
(Abstract)
Presentation:
November 10, 2007
Ingo H. Leubner
Rochester
Institute for fundamental Research
The condensation of solid material from a dilute into a concentrated form is a phase transition (crystallization). This is exemplified by the crystallization of water vapor (H2O) into snow (H2O) or by the crystallization of Sugar from an aqueous Sugar solution. In these crystallizations, only one precursor forms the crystals. Similarly, the process of the formation of the Universe, the Big Bang, is the condensation of Energy into Particles (electrons and protons), which are also a form of Energy. Thus, from a mechanistic view, the Big Bang falls into the category of crystallization or phase-transfer. The known principles of nucleation and physics were applied to the process of the formation of particles and the origin of the Universe.
The formation of mass from the pre-Big Bang energy singularity leads to the prediction of gravity as anti-energy, and the present radiative decay as energy-gravity recombination. Using the model for the solar system correctly predicts the water-ice transition on Mars at 3.6 billion years ago. The (Big) Bang – Fizzle – (Big) Bang (BFB) process is thus determined by the present conditions and by known physical science. This eliminates the proposition of dark energy, dark matter, and the invasion of parallel universes (branes) as viable hypotheses. Of course, the model predicts the formation of electrons and protons as stable particles in the present universe.
The present radiative decay of matter in the Universe leads to its dissociation, and to an energy singularity as was present before the Big Bang. The reaction products of the decay of stellar objects are photons. According to Einstein, photons carry twice the gravity of energy-equivalent mass. The re-assembly of energy is thus assured by relativistic gravity doubling during the radiative mass decay.
The BFB process leads to the conclusion that the pre-Big Bang state consisted of a (zero dimension) Bose-Einstein state of photons (bosons) and that the formation of electrons and protons (fermions) leads to the present (three-dimensional) state of the Universe.
The discussion of the Big Bang and the formation of the universe as a crystallization or phase-transfer process is a contribution to a subject that has thus far been thought of as intractable.
|